Techno Press
Tp_Editing System.E (TES.E)
Login Search
You logged in as

scs
 
CONTENTS
Volume 36, Number 2, July25 2020
 


Abstract
In this paper, wavy square absorbers were experimentally and numerically investigated. Numerical simulations were performed with LS-Dyna software on 36 wavy absorbers and their crushing properties were extracted and compared with the simple one. The effect of different parameters, including wave height, wave depth, and wave type; either internal or external on the crushing characteristics were also investigated. To experimentally create corrugation to validate the numerical results, a set of steel mandrel and matrix along with press machines were used. Since the initial specimens were brittle, they were subjected to heat treatment and annealing to gain the required ductility for forming with mandrel and matrix. The annealing of aluminum shells resulted in a 76%increase in ultimate strain and a 60% and 56% decrease in yield and ultimate stresses, respectively. The results showed that with increasing half-wave height in wavy square absorbers, the maximum force was first reduced and then increased. It was also found that in the specimen with constant diameter and half-wave depth, an increment in the half-wave height led to an initial increase in efficiency, followed by a decline. According to the conducted investigations, the lowe maximum force can be observed in the specimen with zero half-wave depth as compared to those having a depth of 1 cm.

Key Words
axial compression; buckling; energy dissipation; quasi-static; numerical analysis

Address
Arameh Eyvazian, Elsadig Eltai and Farayi Musharavati: Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
Hossein Taghipoor: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Velayat University, P.O. Box 99111-31311, Iranshahr, Iran
T.A. Sebaey: Engineering Management Department, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;
Mechanical Design and Production Department, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44519, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
Pouyan Talebizadehsardari: Metamaterials for Mechanical, Biomechanical and Multiphysical Applications Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
6 Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam


Abstract
In nanosized structures as the surface area to the bulk volume ratio increases the classical continuum mechanics approaches fails to investigate the mechanical behavior of such structures. In perforated nanobeam structures, more decrease in the bulk volume is obtained due to perforation process thus nonclassical continuum approaches should be employed for reliable investigation of the mechanical behavior these structures. This article introduces an analytical methodology to investigate the size dependent, surface energy, and perforation impacts on the nonclassical bending behavior of regularly squared cutout nanobeam structures for the first time. To do this, geometrical model for both bulk and surface characteristics is developed for regularly squared perforated nanobeams. Based on the proposed geometrical model, the nonclassical Gurtin-Murdoch surface elasticity model is adopted and modified to incorporate the surface energy effects in perforated nanobeams. To investigate the effect of shear deformation associated with cutout process, both Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko beams theories are developed. Mathematical model for perforated nanobeam structure including surface energy effects are derived in comprehensive procedure and nonclassical boundary conditions are presented. Closed forms for the nonclassical bending and rotational displacements are derived for both theories considering all classical and nonclassical kinematics and kinetics boundary conditions. Additionally, both uniformly distributed and concentrated loads are considered. The developed methodology is verified and compared with the available results and an excellent agreement is noticed. Both classical and nonclassical bending profiles for both thin and thick perforated nanobeams are investigated. Numerical results are obtained to illustrate effects of beam filling ratio, the number of hole rows through the cross section, surface material characteristics, beam slenderness ratio as well as the boundary and loading conditions on the non-classical bending behavior of perforated nanobeams in the presence of surface effects. It is found that, the surface residual stress has more significant effect on the bending deflection compared with the corresponding effect of the surface elasticity, Es. The obtained results are supportive for the design, analysis and manufacturing of perforated nanobeams.

Key Words
surface stress effects; squared cutout nanobeams; filling ratio; shear deformation; nonclassical bending; closed forms

Address
Mohamed A Eltaher: Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80204, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;
Mechanical Design & Production Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44519, Zagazig, Egypt
Alaa A. Abdelrahman: Mechanical Design & Production Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44519, Zagazig, Egypt


Abstract
Concentrically Braced Frames (CBFs) are commonly used in the construction of steel structures because of their ease of implementation, rigidity, low lateral displacement, and cost-effectiveness. However, the principal disadvantage of this kind of braced frame is the inability to provide deformation capacity (ductility) and buckling of bracing elements before yielding. This paper aims to present a novel Composite Buckling Restrained Fuse (CBRF) to be utilized as a bracing segment in concentrically braced frames that allows higher ductility and removes premature buckling. The proposed CBRF with relatively small dimensions is an enhancement on the Reduced Length Buckling Restrained Braces (RL-BRBs), consists of steel core and additional tensile elements embedded in a concrete encasement. Employing tensile elements in this composite fuse with a new configuration enhances the energy dissipation efficiency and removes the tensile strength limitations that exist in bracing elements that contain RL-BRBs. Here, the optimal length of the CBRF is computed by considering the anticipated strain demand and the low-cyclic fatigue life of the core under standard loading protocol. An experimental program is conducted to explore the seismic behavior of the suggested CBRF compare with an RL-BRB specimen under gradually increased cyclic loading. Moreover, Hysteretic responses of the specimens are evaluated to calculate the design parameters such as energy dissipation potential, strength adjustment factors, and equivalent viscous damping. The findings show that the suggested fuse possess a ductile behavior with high energy absorption and sufficient resistance and a reasonably stable hysteresis response under compression and tension.

Key Words
steel structure; braced frame; energy dissipation; structural composite fuse; buckling restrained braces

Address
Masoud Mohammadi: Department of Civil Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran;
Centre for Infrastructure Engineering, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
Mohammad A. Kafi and Ali Kheyroddin: Department of Civil Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
Hamid R. Ronagh: Centre for Infrastructure Engineering, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia



Abstract
In this paper, the forced resonance vibration of porous functionally graded (FG) curved nanobeam is examined. In order to capture the hardening and softening mechanisms of nanostructure, the nonlocal strain gradient theory is employed to build the size-dependent model. Using the Timoshenko beam theory together with the Hamilton principle, the equations of motion for the curved nanobeam are derived. Then, Navier series are used in order to obtain the dynamical deflections of the porous FG curved nanobeam with simply-supported ends. It is found that the resonance position of the nanobeam is very sensitive to the nonlocal and strain gradient parameters, material variation, porosity coefficient, as well as geometrical conditions. The results indicate that the resonance position is postponed by increasing the strain gradient parameter, while the nonlocal parameter has the opposite effect on the results. Furthermore, increasing the opening angle or length-to-thickness ratio will result in resonance position moves to lower-load frequency.

Key Words
resonance phenomena; porous materials; curved nano-beams; nonlocal strain gradient theory

Address
Gui-Lin She: College of Mechanical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
Hai-Bo Liu: College of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan City, 411201, China
Behrouz Karami: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran

Abstract
Double skin composite wall system owns several structural merits in terms of high load-carrying capacity, large axial stiffness, and favorable ductility. A recently proposed form of truss connector was used to bond the steel plates to the concrete core to achieve good composite action. The structural behavior of rectangular high walls under compression and T-shaped high walls under eccentric compression has been investigated by the authors. Furthermore, the influences of the truss spacings, the wall width, and the faceplate thickness have been previously studied by the authors on short walls under uniform compression. This paper experimentally investigated the effect of width-to-thickness ratio on the compressive behavior of short walls. Compressive tests were conducted on three short specimens with different width-to-thickness ratios. Based on the test results, it is found that the composite wall shows high compressive resistance and good ductility. The walls fail by local buckling of steel plates and crushing of concrete core. It is also observed that width-to-thickness ratio has great influence on the compressive resistance, initial stiffness, and strain distribution across the section. Finally, the test results are compared with the predictions by modern codes.

Key Words
width-to-thickness ratio; double skin composite wall; truss connector; compressive behavior

Address
Ying Qin, Xin Chen, Xing-Yu Zhu, Wang Xi and Yuan-Ze Chen: Key Laboratory of Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Civil Engineering,
Southeast University, Nanjing, China


Abstract
Application of the steel ring as a type of seismic fuse has been one of the efforts made by researchers in recent years aiming to enhance the ductility of the bracing systems which in turn, possesses various advantages and disadvantages. Accordingly, to alleviate these disadvantages, an innovative bracing system with a diamond scheme equipped with a steel ring is introduced in this paper. In this system, the braces and yielding circular damper act in parallel whose main functionality is to increase ductility, energy absorption and mitigate drawbacks of the existing bracing systems, in which the braces and yielding circular damper act in parallel. To conduct the experimental tests, specimens with three types of rigid, semi-rigid and pinned connections were built and subjected to cyclic loading so that their performance could be analyzed. Promisingly, the results indicate both great applicability and efficiency of the proposed system in energy absorption and ductility. Moreover, it was concluded that as the braces and damper are in parallel, the use of a steel ring with smaller size and thickness would result in higher energy absorption and load-resisting capacity when compared to the other existing systems. Finally, to assess the potential of numerically modeling the proposed system, its finite element model was simulated by ABAQUS software and observed that there is a great agreement between the numerical and experimental results.

Key Words
innovative bracing system; diamond-scheme brace; circular yielding damper; cyclic load; energy absorption; ductility

Address
Ghasem Pachideh, Majid Gholhaki and Mohammadali Kafi: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Semnan, Semnan, Iran

Abstract
Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) are new materials used in various fields of science and engineering, one of which is civil engineering. Owing to their distinguished capabilities such as super elasticity, energy dissipation, and tolerating cyclic deformations, these materials have been of interest to engineers. On the other hand, the connections of a steel structure are of paramount importance because of their vulnerabilities during an earthquake. Therefore, it is indispensable to find approaches to augment the efficiency and safety of the connection. This research investigates the behavior of steel connections with extended end plates equipped hybridly with 8 rows of high strength bolts as well as Nitinol superelastic SMA bolts. The connections are studied using component method in dual form. In this method, the components affecting the connections behavior, such as beam flange, beam web, column web, extended end plate, and bolts are considered as parallel and series springs according to the Euro-Code3. Then, the nonlinear force- displacement response of the connection is presented in the form of moment-rotation curve. The results obtained from this survey demonstrate that the connection has ductility, in addition to its high strength, due to high ductility of SMA bolts.

Key Words
extended end plate connection; shape memory alloy; moment-rotation curve; superelastic behavior; component method

Address
Ali Toghroli: Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
Mohammad Sadegh Nasirianfar:Historic Building Rehabilitation (HBR), School of Architectural Engineering, University of Bologna, Ravenna 48121, Italy
Ali Shariati: Division of Computational Mathematics and Engineering, Institute for Computational Science, Ton Duc Thang University,
Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam;
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam
Majid Khorami: Universidad UTE, Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, Calle Rumipamba s/n y Bourgeois, Quito, Ecuador
Masoud Paknahad: 6Faculty of Engineering, Mahallat Institute of Higher Education, Mahallat, Iran
Masoud Ahmadi: Department of Civil Engineering, Ayatollah Boroujerdi University, Boroujerd, Iran
Behnam Gharehaghaj and Yousef Zandi: Department of Civil Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract
This study analyzed stresses in concrete and its reinforcement, computing the additional loading transferred by concrete creep. The loading varied from zero, structure exclusively under its self-weight, up to the critical buckling load. The studied structure was a real, tapered, reinforced concrete pole. As concrete is a composite material, homogenizing techniques were used in the calculations. Due to the static indetermination for determining the normal forces acting on concrete and reinforcement, equations that considered the balance of forces and compatibility of displacement on cross-sections were employed. In the mathematical solution used to define the critical buckling load, all the elements of the structural dynamics present in the system were considered, including the column self-weight. The structural imperfections were linearized using the geometric stiffness, the proprieties of the concrete were considered according to the guidelines of the American Concrete Institute (ACI 209R), and the ground was modeled as a set of distributed springs along the foundation length. Critical buckling loads were computed at different time intervals after the structure was loaded. Finite element method results were also obtained for comparison. For an interval of 5000 days, the modulus of elasticity and critical buckling load reduced by 36% and 27%, respectively, compared to an interval of zero days. During this time interval, stress on the reinforcement steel reached within 5% of the steel yield strength. The computed strains in that interval stayed below the normative limit.

Key Words
critical buckling load; analytical solution; creep; geometric nonlinearity; material nonlinearity

Address
Alexandre de Macêdo Wahrhaftig: Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Polytechnic School, Dept. of Construction and Structures,
Rua Aristides Novís, 02, 5 andar, Federação, Salvador, BA, 40210-910, Brazil



Techno-Press: Publishers of international journals and conference proceedings.       Copyright © 2024 Techno-Press ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
P.O. Box 33, Yuseong, Daejeon 34186 Korea, Email: admin@techno-press.com