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CONTENTS
Volume 41, Number 6, December25 2021
 

Abstract
Analysis of nonlinear stability behaviors of composite magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) nano-scale shells have been represented in this reaserch. The shell is assumed to be under a transverse mechanical load. Composite MEE material has been produced form piezoelectric and magnetic ingradients in which the material charactristics may be varied according to the percentages of the ingradients. The governing equations including scale effects have been developed in the framework of nonlocal elasticity. It has been demonstrated that nonlinear stability behaviors of MEE nano-sized shells in electrical-magnetic fields rely on the percentages of the ingradients. Also, the efficacy of nonlocality parameter, magnetic intensities and electrical voltages on stability loads of the nanoshells have been researched.

Key Words
stability; static behavior; shell theory; nonlocal theory; numerical analysis

Address
Yu Song:College of science, Xijing University, Xi

Abstract
The size-dependent nonlinear thermomechanical vibration analysis of pre- and post-buckled tapered two-directional functionally graded (2D-FG) microbeams is presented in this study. In the context of the modified couple stress theory, the formulations are derived based on the parabolic shear deformation beam theory and von Karman nonlinear strains. Different thermomechanical material properties are assumed to be temperature-dependent and smoothly vary in both length and thickness directions using the power law and the physical neutral axis concept is employed. The nonlinear governing equations are derived using the Hamilton principle and the resulting variable coefficient equations of motion are solved using the differential quadrature method (DQM) and iterative Newton's method for clamped-clamped and simply supported boundary conditions. Comparison studies are presented to validate the derived model and solution procedure. The impacts of induced thermal moments, temperature power index, two gradient indices, nonuniform cross-section, and microstructure length scale parameter on the frequency-temperature configurations are explored for both clamped and simply supported microbeams.

Key Words
2D-FG tapered microbeams; nonlinear temperature profile; nonlinear thermal vibration; stability analysis

Address
Asmaa A. Hendi:Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia/ Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, AL Faisaliah Campus, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia

Mohamed A. Eltaher:Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80204, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia/ Department of Mechanical Design and Production Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt

Salwa A. Mohamed:Engineering Mathematics Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt

Mohamed A. Attia:4Department of Mechanical Design and Production Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt

A.W. Abdalla:Engineering Mathematics Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt

Abstract
In this research, the buckling and free vibration of three-phase carbon nanotubes/ fiber/ polymer piezoelectric nanocomposite face sheet sandwich microbeam with microsensor and micro-actuator surrounded in elastic foundation based on modified couple stress theory (MCST) is investigated. Three types of porous materials are considered for sandwich core. Higher order (Reddy) and sinusoidal shear deformation beam theories are employed for the displacement fields. Sinusoidal surface stress effects are extracted for sinusoidal shear deformation beam theory. The equations of motion are derived by Hamilton's principle and then the natural frequency and critical buckling load are obtained by Navier's type solution. The determined results are in good agreement with other literatures. The detailed numerical investigation for various parameters is performed for this microsensor-microactuator. The results reveal that the microsensor-microactuator enhanced by increasing of Skempton coefficient, carbon nanotubes diameter length to thickness ratio, small scale factor, elastic foundation, surface stress constants and reduction in porous coefficient, micro-actuator voltage and CNT weight fraction. The valuable results can be expedient for micro-electro-mechanical (MEMS) and nano-electro-mechanical (NEMS) systems.

Key Words
buckling; vibration; micro-actuator, microsensor; porous polymeric piezoelectric nanocomposite sandwich microbeam; sinusoidal and higher order shear deformation theories; surface stress effects

Address
Ali Ghorbanpour Arani:Department of Solid Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran/ Department of Civil Engineering Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran

Borhan Rousta Navi:Department of Solid Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran

Mehdi Mohammadimehr:Department of Solid Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran

Abstract
Nonlinear dynamic response of a sandwich beam considering porous core and nano-composite face sheet on nonlinear viscoelastic foundation with temperature-variable material properties is investigated in this research. The Hamilton's principle and beam theory are used to drive the equations of motion. The nonlinear differential equations of sandwich beam respect to time are obtained to solve nonlinear differential equations by Homotopy perturbation method (HPM). The effects of various parameters such as linear and nonlinear damping coefficient, linear and nonlinear spring constant, shear constant of Pasternak type for elastic foundation, temperature variation, volume fraction of carbon nanotube, porosity distribution and porosity coefficient on nonlinear dynamic response of sandwich beam are presented. The results of this paper could be used to analysis of dynamic modeling for a flexible structure in many industries such as automobiles, Shipbuilding, aircrafts and spacecraft with solar easured at current time step and the velocity and displacement were estimated through linear integration.

Key Words
homotopy perturbation method; linear and nonlinear spring constant; nonlinear damping coefficient; nonlinear dynamic response; sandwich beam

Address
Rasoul Rostami:Department of Solid Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan 87317-53153, Iran

Mehdi Mohammadimehr:Department of Solid Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan 87317-53153, Iran

Abstract
Surface subsidence caused by mining subsidence has an impact on neighboring structures and utilities. In other words, subsurface voids created by mining or tunneling activities induce soil movement, exposing buildings to physical and/or functional destruction. Soil-structure is evaluated employing probability distribution laws to account for their uncertainty and complexity to estimate structural vulnerability. In this study, to investigate the displacement field and surface settlement profile caused by mining subsidence, on the basis of a Winkler soil model, analytical equations for the moment–rotation response of soil during mining induced ground movements are developed. To define the full static moment–rotation response, an equation for the uplift-yield state is constructed and integrated with equations for the uplift- and yield-only conditions. The constructed model's findings reveal that the inverse of the factor of safety (x) has a considerable influence on the moment–rotation curve. The maximal moment–rotation response of the footing is defined by X=0:6. Despite the use of Winkler model, the computed moment–rotation response results derived from the literature were analyzed through the ELM-SVM hybrid of Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Also, Monte Carlo simulations are used to apply continuous random parameters to assess the transmission of ground motions to structures. Following the findings of RMSE and R2, the results show that the choice of probabilistic laws of input parameters has a substantial impact on the outcome of analysis performed.

Key Words
d ELM- SVM; induced ground; machine learning; moment rotation, mining; soil interaction

Address
Bibo Dai:School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China

Zhijun Xu:School of Civil Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China

Jie Zeng:Chongqing Jianzhu College, Academy of Traffic and Municipal Engineering, 857 Lihua Avenue, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400072, China

Yousef Zandi:Department of Civil Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Abouzar Rahimi:Department of Civil Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Sara Pourkhorshidi:Civil Engineering Department, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran

Mohamed Amine Khadimallah:Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, College of Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, Al-Kharj, 16273, Saudi Arabia/ Laboratory of Systems and Applied Mechanics, Polytechnic School of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia

Xingdong Zhao:School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China

Islam Ezz El-Arab:Structural engineering, Faculty of engineering, Tanta University, Egypt



Abstract
In this paper, a new approach of interface stress analysis in steel beam strengthened by porous FGM (Functionally Graded Materials) is presented to calculate the shear stress in the hybrid steel beam and loaded by a uniformly distributed load. The results show that there exists a high concentration of shear stress at the ends of the imperfect FGM, which might result in premature failure of the strengthening scheme at these locations. A parametric study has been conducted to investigate the sensitivity of interface behavior to parameters such as the rigidity of FGM plate (degree of homogeneity), the porosity index of FGM and the thickness of adhesive all were found to have a marked effect on the magnitude of maximum shear stress in the FGM member. we can conclude that the new approach is general in nature and may be applicable to all kinds of materials.

Key Words
imperfect FGM plate; shear stress; steel beam; strengthening

Address
Tahar Hassaine Daouadji:Laboratory of Geomatics and sustainable development, University of Tiaret, Algeria/ Department of Civil Engineering, Ibn Khaldoun University of Tiaret, Algeria

Rabahi Abderezak:Laboratory of Geomatics and sustainable development, University of Tiaret, Algeria/ Department of Civil Engineering, Ibn Khaldoun University of Tiaret, Algeria

Benferhat Rabia:Laboratory of Geomatics and sustainable development, University of Tiaret, Algeria/ Department of Civil Engineering, Ibn Khaldoun University of Tiaret, Algeria

Abdelouahed Tounsi:Laboratory of Geomatics and sustainable development, University of Tiaret, Algeria/Department of Civil Engineering, Ibn Khaldoun University of Tiaret, Algeria/ YFL (Yonsei Frontier Lab), Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea/ Material and Hydrology Laboratory, University of Sidi Bel Abbes, Civil Engineering Department, Algeria/ Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals,
31261 Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia

Abstract
This study aims at investigating the hysteretic performance of a novel composite wall panel fabricated by infilling aerated concrete blocks into a novel light-steel frame used for low-rise residential buildings. The novel light-steel frame is consisted of two thin-wall rectangular hollow section columns and a truss-beam assembled using patented U-shape connectors. Two bare light-steel frames and two composite wall panels have been tested to failure under horizontal cyclic loading. Hysteretic curves, lateral resistance and stiffness of four specimens have been investigated and analyzed. Based on the testing results, it is found that the masonry infill can significantly increase the lateral resistance and stiffness of the novel light-steel frame, about 2.3~3 and 21.2~31.5 times, respectively. Failure mode of the light-steel frame is local yielding of the column. For the composite wall panel, firstly, masonry infill is crushed, subsequently, local yielding may occur at the column if loading continues. Hysteretic curve of the composite wall panel obtained is not plump, implying a poor energy dissipation capacity. However, the light-steel frame of the composite wall panel can dissipate more energy after the masonry infill is crushed. Therefore, the composite wall panel has a much higher energy dissipation capacity compared to the bare light-steel frame.

Key Words
composite wall panel; hysteretic performance; lateral resistance; lateral stiffness; light-steel frame; low-rise residential building

Address
Xiaoping Wang:School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China

Fan Li:School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China

Liangdong Wan:Wuhan Dunxin Steel Structure Design Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430223, P.R. China

Tao Li:School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China

Abstract
In this paper, an analytical solution for thermodynamic response of functionally graded (FG) sandwich plates resting on variable elastic foundation is performed by using a quasi 3D shear deformation plate theory. The displacement field used in the present study contains undetermined integral terms and involves only four unknown functions with including stretching effect. The FG sandwich plate is considered to be subject to a time harmonic sinusoidal temperature field across its thickness with any combined boundary conditions. Equations of motion are derived from Hamilton's principle. The numerical results are compared with the existing results of quasi-3D shear deformation theories and an excellent agreement is observed. Several numerical examples for fundamental frequency, deflection, stress and variable elastic foundation parameter's analysis of FG sandwich plates are presented and discussed considering different material gradients, layer thickness ratios, thickness-to-length ratios and boundary conditions. The results of the present study reveal that the nature of the elastic foundation, the boundary conditions and the thermodynamic loading affect the response of the FG plate especially in the case of a thick plate.

Key Words
different boundary conditions; FG thick sandwich plates; Quasi-3D solution; thermodynamic loading; variable elastic foundation

Address
Rabbab Bachir Bouiadjra:Department of Civil Engineering, University Mustapha Stambouli of Mascara, Algeria/ Material and Hydrology Laboratory, University of Sidi Bel Abbes, Faculty of Technology, Civil Engineering Department, Algeria

Abdelkader Mahmoudi:Material and Hydrology Laboratory, University of Sidi Bel Abbes, Faculty of Technology, Civil Engineering Department, Algeria/Department of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Adrar, Algeria

Mohamed Sekkal:Material and Hydrology Laboratory, University of Sidi Bel Abbes, Faculty of Technology, Civil Engineering Department, Algeria

Samir Benyoucef:Material and Hydrology Laboratory, University of Sidi Bel Abbes, Faculty of Technology, Civil Engineering Department, Algeria

Mahmoud M. Selim:Department of Mathematics, Al-Aflaj College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Aflaj, 710-11912, Saudi Arabia

Abdelouahed Tounsi:Material and Hydrology Laboratory, University of Sidi Bel Abbes, Faculty of Technology, Civil Engineering Department, Algeria/YFL (Yonsei Frontier Lab), Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea/ Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, 31261 Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia/ Interdisciplinary Research Center for Construction and Building Materials, KFUPM, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

Muzamal Hussain:Department of Mathematics, Govt. College University Faisalabad, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan

Abstract
This paper presents a simplified model to capture the nonlinear behavior of steel frames depending on the spread of plasticity method. New interaction formulae were derived to evaluate the plastic strength for I-shaped steel sections under uniaxial bending moment and axial compression load. Also, new empirical formulae were derived to evaluate the tangent stiffness modulus of steel I-shaped cross-sections considering the effect of the residual stresses suggested by the specifications in European Convention for Construction Steelworks (ECCS). The secant stiffness which depends on the tangent modulus is used to evaluate the internal forces. Based on stiffness matrix method, a finite element analysis program was developed for the nonlinear analysis of space steel frames using the derived formulae. Comparison between the proposed model results with those given by the fiber model shows very good agreement. Numerical examples were introduced to verify, check the accuracy, and evaluate the efficiency of the proposed model. The analysis results show that the new proposed model is accurate and able to minimize the solution time.

Key Words
beam-column; inelastic analysis; large deflections; spread of plasticity method; steel frames

Address
Ashraf ElSabbagh:Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Egypt

Ahmed Hanefa:Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Egypt

Ahmed Zubydan:Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Egypt

Mohamed ElGhandour:Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Egypt

Tarek Sharaf:Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Egypt

Abstract
A 4-unknown shear deformation theory is applied to investigate the vibration of functionally graded plates under thermal environment. The plate is fabricated from a functionally graded material mixed of ceramic and metal with continuously varying material properties through the plate thickness. Three types of thermal loadings, uniform, linear and nonlinear temperature rises along the plate thickness are taken into account. The present theory contains four unknown functions as against five or more in other higher order shear deformation theories. The through-the-thickness distributions of transverse shear stresses of the plate are considered to vary parabolically and vanish at upper and lower surfaces. The present model does not require any problem dependent shear correction factor. Analytical solutions for the free vibration analysis are derived based on Fourier series that satisfy the boundary conditions (Navier's method). Benchmark solutions are firstly considered to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed model. Comparisons with the solutions available in literature revealed the good capabilities of the present model for the simulations of vibration responses of FG plates. Some parametric studies are carried out for the frequency analysis by varying the volume fraction profile and the temperature distribution across the plate thickness.

Key Words
free vibrations; functionally graded plates; shear deformation

Address
Amina Attia:Engineering and Sustainable Development Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology,
University of Ain Temouchent, Department of civil engineering. Algeria

Amina Tahar Berrabah:2Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Ain Temouchent, Department of civil engineering. Algeria

Abdelmoumen Anis Bousahla:Laboratoire de Modélisation et Simulation Multi-échelle, Université de Sidi Bel Abbés, Algeria

Fouad Bourada:Material and Hydrology Laboratory, Faculty of Technology, Civil Engineering Department, University of Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria/ Département des Sciences et de la Technologie, centre universitaire de Tissemsilt, BP 38004 Ben Hamouda, Algérie

Abdelouahed Tounsi:Material and Hydrology Laboratory, Faculty of Technology, Civil Engineering Department, University of Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria/ Département des Sciences et de la Technologie, centre universitaire de Tissemsilt, BP 38004 Ben Hamouda, Algérie/ YFL (Yonsei Frontier Lab), Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea/ Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals,
31261 Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia/ Interdisciplinary Research Center for Construction and Building Materials, KFUPM, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

S.R. Mahmoud:GRC Department, Jeddah Community College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

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