You logged in as
Abstract
Voronoi diagrams are powerful for solving spatial problems among particles and have been used in many disciplines of science and engineering. In particular, the Voronoi diagram of three-dimensional spheres, also called the additively-weighted Voronoi diagram, has proven its powerful capabilities for solving the spatial reasoning problems for the arrangement of atoms in both molecular biology and material sciences. In order to solve application problems, the dual structure, called the quasi-triangulation, and its derivative structure, called the beta-complex, are frequently used with the Voronoi diagram itself. However, the Voronoi diagram, the quasi-triangulation, and the beta-complexes are sometimes regarded as somewhat difficult for ordinary users to understand. This paper presents the twodimensional counterparts of their definitions and introduce the BetaConcept program which implements the theory so that users can easily learn the powerful concept and capabilities of these constructs in a plane. The BetaConcept program was implemented in the standard C++ language with MFC and OpenGL and freely available at Voronoi Diagram Research Center (http://voronoi.hanyang.ac.kr).
Key Words
Voronoi diagram of disks; Additively-weighted Voronoi diagram; Quasi-triangulations; Beta-complexes; Beta-shapes; Spherical atoms; GUI program
Address
Jae-Kwan Kim and Youngsong Cho: Voronoi Diagram Research Center, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
Donguk Kim: Department of Industrial, Information, and Management Engineering, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, South Korea
Deok-Soo Kim: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
Abstract
Because the cost of performance testing using actual products is expensive, manufacturers use lower-cost computer-aided design simulations for this function. In this paper, we propose using hexahedral meshes, which are more accurate than tetrahedral meshes, for finite element analysis. We propose automatic hexahedral mesh generation with sharp features to precisely represent the corresponding features of a target shape. Our hexahedral mesh is generated using a voxel-based algorithm. In our previous works, we fit the surface of the voxels to the target surface using Laplacian energy minimization. We used normal vectors in the fitting to preserve sharp features. However, this method could not represent concave sharp features precisely. In this proposal, we improve our previous Laplacian energy minimization by adding a term that depends on multi-normal vectors instead of using normal vectors. Furthermore, we accentuate a convex/concave surface subset to represent concave sharp features.
Key Words
CAD model; Hexahedral mesh; Sharp feature; Fitting algorithm; Multi-normalvectors
Address
Department of Precision Mechanics, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
Abstract
In the field of design and manufacturing, there are many problems with managing dynamic states of three-dimensional (3D) objects. In order to solve these problems, the four-dimensional (4D) mesh model and its modeling system have been proposed. The 4D mesh model is defined as a 4D object model that is bounded by tetrahedral cells, and can represent spatio-temporal changes of a 3D object continuously. The 4D mesh model helps to solve dynamic problems of 3D models as geometric problems. However, the construction of the 4D mesh model is limited on the time-series 3D voxel data based method. This method is memory-hogging and requires much computing time. In this research, we propose a new method of constructing the 4D mesh model that derives from the 3D mesh model with continuous rigid body movement. This method is realized by making a swept shape of a 3D mesh model in the fourth dimension and its tetrahedralization. Here, the rigid body movement is a screwed movement, which is a combination of translational and rotational movement.
Key Words
Four-dimensional mesh model; Three-dimensional mesh model; Fourth dimension; Rigid body movement
Address
Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Kita 14, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
Abstract
The engineering design process is a creative process, and the designers must repeatedly apply Undo/Redo operations to modify CAD models to explore new solutions. Undo/Redo has become one of most important functions in interactive graphics and CAD systems. Undo/Redo in a collaborative CAD system is also very helpful for collaborative awareness among a group of cooperative designers to eliminate misunderstanding and to recover from design error. However, Undo/Redo in a collaborative CAD system is much more complicated. This is because a single erroneous operation is propagated to other remote sites, and operations are interleaved at different sites. This paper presents a multi-user selective Undo/Redo approach in full distributed collaborative CAD systems. We use site ID and State Vectors to locate the Undo/Redo target at each site. By analyzing the composition of the complex CAD model, a tree-like structure called Feature Combination Hierarchy is presented to describe the decomposition of a CAD model. Based on this structure, the dependency relationship among features is clarified. B-Rep re-evaluation is simplified with the assistance of the Feature Combination Hierarchy. It can be proven that the proposed Undo/Redo approach satisfies the intention preservation and consistency maintenance correctness criteria for collaborative systems.
Key Words
Undo/Redo; Collaborative CAD; Intention preservation; Configuration management
Address
Yuan Cheng, Fazhi He, Bin Xu, Xiantao Cai and Yilin Chen: School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
Soonhung Han: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
Abstract
This paper aims to review methods for computing orthogonal projection of points onto curves and surfaces, which are given in implicit or parametric form or as point clouds. Special emphasis is place on orthogonal projection onto conics along with reviews on orthogonal projection of points onto curves and surfaces in implicit and parametric form. Except for conics, computation methods are classified into two groups based on the core approaches: iterative and subdivision based. An extension of orthogonal projection of points to orthogonal projection of curves onto surfaces is briefly explored. Next, the discussion continues toward orthogonal projection of points onto point clouds, which spawns a different branch of algorithms in the context of orthogonal projection. The paper concludes with comments on guidance for an appropriate choice of methods for various applications.
Key Words
Orthogonal projection; Point projection; Curve projection; Registration; Minimum distance; Directed projection
Address
Kwanghee Ko: School of Mechatronics, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagiro, Bukgu, Gwangju, 500-712, Korea; Korea Culture Technology Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagiro, Bukgu, Gwangju, 500-712, Korea
Takis Sakkalis: Department of Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, 118 55, Greece
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of machining parameters as they relate to the quality characteristics of machined features. Two most important quality characteristics are set as the dimensional accuracy and the surface roughness. Before any newly acquired machine tool is put to use for production, it is important to test the machine in a systematic way to find out how different parameter settings affect machining quality. The empirical verification was made by conducting a Design of Experiment (DOE) with 3 levels and 3 factors on a stateof-the-art Cincinnati Hawk Arrow 750 Vertical Machining Center (VMC). Data analysis revealed that the significant factor was the Hardness of the material and the significant interaction effect was the Hardness + Feed for dimensional accuracy, while the significant factor was Speed for surface roughness. Since the equally important thing is the capability of the instruments from which the quality characteristics are being measured, a comparison was made between the VMC touch probe readings and the measurements from a Mitutoyo coordinate measuring machine (CMM) on bore diameters. A machine mounted touch probe has gained a wide acceptance in recent years, as it is more suitable for the modern manufacturing environment. The data vindicated that the VMC touch probe has the capability that is suitable for the production environment. The test results can be incorporated in the process plan to help maintain the machining quality in the subsequent runs.
Key Words
Machining quality; Coordinate measuring machine (CCM); Design of experiment (DOE); Vertical machining center (VMC); Dimensional accuracy; Surface roughness
Address
Tzu-Liang Bill Tseng: Department of Industrial, Manufacturing and Systems Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
Yongjin James Kwon: Department of Industrial Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea, Zip 443-749
Abstract
Storing, and the loading and unloading of materials at production sites in the manufacturing sector for mass production is a critical problem that affects various aspects: the layout of the factory, line-side space, logistics, workers\' work paths and ease of work, automatic procurement of components, and transfer and supply. Traditionally, the nesting problem has been an issue to improve the efficiency of raw materials; further, research into mainly 2D optimization has progressed. Also, recently, research into the expanded usage of 3D models to implement packing optimization has been actively carried out. Nevertheless, packing algorithms using 3D models are not widely used in practice, due to the large decrease in efficiency, owing to the complexity and excessive computational time. In this paper, the problem of efficiently loading and unloading freeform 3D objects into a given container has been solved, by considering the 3D form, ease of loading and unloading, and packing density. For this reason, a Group Packing Approach for workers has been developed, by using analyzed truck packing work patterns and Group Technology, which is to enhance the efficiency of storage in the manufacturing sector. Also, an algorithm for 3D packing has been developed, and implemented in a commercial 3D CAD modeling system. The 3D packing method consists of a grouping algorithm, a sequencing algorithm, an orientating algorithm, and a loading algorithm. These algorithms concern the respective aspects: the packing order, orientation decisions of parts, collision checking among parts and processing, position decisions of parts, efficiency verification, and loading and unloading simulation. Storage optimization and examination of the ease of loading and unloading are possible, and various kinds of engineering analysis, such as work performance analysis, are facilitated through the intelligent 3D packing method developed in this paper, by using the results of the 3D model.
Key Words
Packing, 3D CAD model, Grouping algorithm, Container engineering
Address
Department of Systems Management Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
