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CONTENTS
Volume 14, Number 4, April 2023
 


Abstract
In this study, the bifurcation analysis of functionally graded material is done using exponential volume fraction law. Shell theory of Love is used for vibration of shell. The Galerkin's method is applied for the formation of three equations in eigen value form. This eigen form gives the frequencies using the computer software MATLAB. The variations of natural frequencies (Hz) for Type-I and Type-II functionally graded cylindrical shells are plotted for exponential volume fraction law. The behavior of exponent of volume fraction law is seen for three different values. Moreover, the frequency variations of Type-I and -II clamped simply supported FG cylindrical shell with different positions of ring supports against the circumferential wave number are investigated. The procedure adopted here enables to study vibration for any boundary condition but for brevity, numerical results for a cylindrical shell with clamped simply supported edge condition are obtained and their analysis with regard various physical parameters is done.

Key Words
clamped simply supported; cylindrical shell; exponential volume fraction; thickness; type-I and –II

Address
Shadi Alghaffari and Hussain Talat Sulaimani: Department of Port and Maritime Transportation, Faculty of Maritime Studies, King Abdul Aziz University- Jeddah-KSA

Muzamal Hussain: Department of Mathematics, Govt. College University Faisalabad, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan

Mohamed A. Khadimallah: Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia

Faisal Al Thobiani: Department of Marine Engineering, Faculty of Maritime Studies, King Abdul Aziz University- Jeddah-KSA

Abstract
Zinc metal organic framework (MOFZn)-loaded goad nanoparticles (AuNPs) sol (Au@MOFZn), which was characterized by TEM, Mapping, FTIR, XRD, and molecular spectrum, was prepared conveniently by solvothermal method. The results indicated that Au@MOFZn had a very strong catalytic effect with the nanoreaction of AuNPs formation between sodium oxalate (SO) and HAuCl4. AuNPs in the new indicator reaction had a strong resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) signal at 370 nm. The indicator AuNPs generated by this reaction, which had the most intense surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) peak at 1621 cm -1. The new SERS/RRS indicator reaction in combination with specific aptamer (Apt) to fabricate a sensitive and selective Au@MOFZn catalytic amplification-aptamer SERS/RRS assay platform for carbendazim (CBZ), with SERS/RRS linear range of 0.025-0.5 ng/mL. The detection limit was 0.02 ng/mL. Similarly, this assay platform has been also utilized to detect oxytetracycline (OTC) and profenofos (PF).

Key Words
Au@MOFZn nanocatalytic amplification; AuNP dimode indicator reaction; Apt; SERS; RRS

Address
Jinling Shi, Jingjing Li, Aihui Liang and Zhiliang Jiang: Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and
Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004, China

Abstract
Organic ferroelectric material found vast application in a verity of engineering and health technology fields. In the present study, we investigated the application of the deformable organic ferroelectric in motion measurement and improving performance in tennis players. Flexible ferroelectric material P(VDF-TrFE) could be used in wearable motion sensors in tennis player transferring velocity and acceleration data to collecting devises for analyzing the best pose and movements in tennis players to achieve best performances in terms of hitting ball and movement across the tennis court. In doing so, ferroelectric-based wearable sensors are used in four different locations on the player body to analyze the movement and also a sensor on the tennis ball to record the velocity and acceleration. In addition, poses of tennis players were analyzed to find out the best pose to achieve best acceleration and movement. The results indicated that organic ferroelectric-based sensors could be used effectively in sensing motion of tennis player which could be utilized in the optimization of posing and ball hitting in the real games.

Key Words
artificial neural network (ANN); nano-material; organic ferroelectric P(VDF-TrFE); performance improvement; tennis player

Address
Qingyu Wang: College of Physical Education, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, Henan, China

Abstract
The possibility of energy harvesting as well as controlled vibration of a three-layered beam consisting of two piezoelectric layer and one core layer made of nonpiezoelectric material is investigated using paradox-free local/nonlocal theory. The three-layered nanobeam is resting on an elastic foundation and subjected to a blast load. Also, the core layer is made of Nano‐composites reinforced by CNTs and carbon fibers (MHCD). Governing equations as well as boundary conditions are obtained using Hamilton,s principle. The equations discretized by Generalized Differential Quadrature Method (GDQM) and solved by Newmark beta method. In addition, two differential and integral gains are employed for controlling the forced vibration. The size-dependency of the elastic foundation is considered using two-phase elasticity. The effect of elastic foundation, control gains, nonlocal factor, as well as parameters affecting the core material on the forced vibration and energy harvesting is investigated in detail. The equations as well as solution procedure is validated utilizing some compassion studies. This work can be a basis for future studies on energy harvesting and controlled vibration in small scales.

Key Words
energy harvesting; MHCD material; two-phase electric environment; vibration control

Address
Zohre Moradi and Mohsen Davoudi: Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, 34149-16818, Qazvin, Iran

Farzad Ebrahimi: Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanics, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran

Abstract
Physical exercise, especially intense exercise and high intensity interval training (HIIT) by trampoline, can lead to muscle injuries. These effects can be reduced with intelligent products made of nanocomposite materials. Most of these nanocomposites are polymers reinforced with silicon dioxide, alumina, and titanium dioxide nanoparticles. This study presents a polymer nanocomposite reinforced with silica. As a result of the rapid reaction between tetraethyl orthosilicate and ammonia in the presence of citric acid and other agents, silica nanostructures were synthesized. By substituting bis (4-amino phenoxy) phenyl-triptycene in N, N-dimethylformamide with potassium carbonate, followed by catalytic reduction with hydrazine and Pd/C, the diamine monomer bis (4-amino phenoxy) phenyl-triptycene is prepared. We synthesized a new polyaromatic (imide) with triptycene unit by sol-gel method from aromatic diamines and dianhydride using pyridine as a condensation reagent in NMP. PI readily dissolves in solvents and forms robust and tough polymer films in situ. The FTIR and NMR techniques were used to determine the effects of SiO2 on the sol-gel process and the structure of the synthesized nanocomposites. By using a simultaneous thermal analysis (DTA-TG) method, the appropriate thermal operation temperature was also determined. Through SEM analysis, the structure, shape, size, and specific surface area of pores were determined. Analysis of XRD results is used to determine how SiO2 affects the crystallization of phases and the activation energy of crystallization.

Key Words
nanocomposite; physical exercise; PI/SiO2; SiO2 nanoparticles; sol-gel method

Address
Zhanguo Su: Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232038, Anhui, China/ International College, Krirk University, Bangkok 10220, Thailand

Junyan Meng: Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232038, Anhui, China

Yiping Su: Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Universitity Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia

Abstract
A novel type of steel fiber with a rounded-end shape is presented to improve the bonding behavior of fibers with Carbon Nanotubes (CNT)-reinforced Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) matrix. For this purpose, by performing a parametric study and using the nonlinear finite element method, the impact of geometric characteristics of the fiber end on its bonding behavior with UHPC has been studied. The cohesive zone model investigates the interface between the fibers and the cement matrix. The mechanical properties of the cohesive zone model are determined by calibrating the finite element results and the experimental fiber pull-out test. Also, the results are evaluated with the straight steel fibers outcomes. Using the novel presented fibers, the bond strength has significantly improved compared to the straight steel fibers. The new proposed fibers increase bond strength by 1.1 times for the same diameter of fibers. By creating fillet at the contact area between the rounded end and the fiber, bond strength is significantly improved, the maximum fiber capacity is reachable, and the pull-out occurs in the form of fracture and tearing of the fibers, which is the most desirable bonding mode for fibers. This also improves the energy absorbed by the fibers and is 4.4 times more than the corresponding straight fibers.

Key Words
bond strength; CNT-reinforced; novel steel fibers; pull-out behavior; UHPC

Address
Nguyen Dinh Trung: National Economics University (NEU), Hanoi Vietnam

Dinh Tran Ngoc Huy: Banking university HCMC Ho Chi Minh city Vietnam- International University of Japan, Niigata, Japan

Dmitry Olegovich Bokov: Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya St., bldg. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation; Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition,
Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ustyinsky pr., Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation

Maria Jade Catalan Opulencia: College of Business Administration, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates

Fahad Alsaikhan: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Irfan Ahmad: Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia

Guljakhan Karlibaeva: Department of Physics Teaching Methods, Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizami, Bunyodkor street 27, Tashkent, Uzbekistan


Abstract
In this study, free vibration analysis of functionally graded (FG) porous truncated conical shell panels reinforced by graphene platelets (GPLs) has been investigated for the first time. Additionally, the effect of three different types of porosity distribution and five different types of GPLs patterns on dynamic response of the shell are also studied. Halpin-Tsai micromechanical model and Voigt's rule are used to determine Young modulus, shear modulus and Poisson's ratio with mass densities of the shell, respectively. The main novelties of present study are: applying 3D elasticity theory and the finite element method in conjunction with Rayleigh-Ritz method to give more accurate results unlike other simplified shell theories, and also presenting a general 3D solution in cylindrical coordinate system that can be used for analyses of different structures such as circular, annular and annular sector plates, cylindrical shells and panels, and conical shells and panels. A convergence study is performed to justify the correctness of the obtained solution and numerical results. The impact of porosity and GPLs patterns, the volume of voids, the weight fraction of graphene nanofillers, semi vertex and span angles of the cone, and various boundary conditions on natural frequencies of the functionally graded panel have been comprehensively studied and discussed. The results show that the most important parameter on dynamic response of FG porous truncated conical panel is the weight fraction of nanofiller and adding 1% weight fraction of nanofiller could increase 57% approximately the amounts of natural frequencies of the shell. Moreover, the porosity distribution has great effect on the value of natural frequency of structure rather than the porosity coefficient.

Key Words
FEM; graphene platelets; porosity; truncated conical shell panel; vibration; 3-D elasticity

Address
Lingqin Xia: Department of Additive Manufacturing, Zhejiang Institute of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, hangzhou,310053, China/ Zhejiang Huashuo Technology Co.,Ltd., Ningbo, 315825, China

Ruiquan Wang and Guang Chen: Department of Additive Manufacturing, Zhejiang Institute of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, hangzhou,310053, China

Kamran Asemi: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran

Abdelouahed Tounsi: YFL (Yonsei Frontier Lab), Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea/ Material and Hydrology Laboratory, University of Sidi Bel Abbes, Faculty of Technology, Civil Engineering Department, Algeria/ Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, 31261 Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia


Abstract
This manuscript describes the one-step eco-friendly green fabrication of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) through the in-situ bio-reduction of an aqueous solution of silver nitrate using Syzygium aromaticum leaf extract. UV–vis spectroscopy shows a characteristic SPR peak around 442 nm. FTIR spectroscopy showed that the AgNPs were capped with bioactive phyto-molecules. TEM images revealed oval and spherical particles with a mean diameter of ~12.6 nm. XRD analysis revealed crystalline and face-cantered cubic AgNPs. The phytosynthesized AgNPs showed broad-spectrum anti-microbial activity against two foodborne pathogenic bacteria, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. The AgNPs showed a prominent ability to inhibit biofilms formed by L. monocytogenes and S. aureus in laboratory conditions through a crystal violet assay. The results suggest that the AgNPs could be a novel nanotool to develop effective antimicrobial and anti-biofilm agents in food preservation.

Key Words
anti-bacterial; anti-biofilm; characterization; nanoparticles; phytosynthesis

Address
Velmurugan Palanivel: Centre for Research Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research 173, Agaram Main Road, Selaiyur, Tambaram, Chennai - 600073, Tamil Nadu, India/ Division of Nanomaterials for Biological and Environmental Application, Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630002, Tamilnadu, India

Sung-Chul Hong, Sivakumar Subpiramaniyam, Pyong-In Yi, Seong-Ho Jang, Jeong-Min Suh, Eun-Sang Jung and Je-Sung Park : Department of Bioenvironmental Energy, College of Natural Resource and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea

Veera Ravi Arumugam: Centre for Research Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research 173, Agaram Main Road, Selaiyur, Tambaram, Chennai - 600073, Tamil Nadu, India



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