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CONTENTS
Volume 14, Number 3, March 2023
 

Abstract
This work presents a modified analytical model for the bending behavior of axially functionally graded (AFG) carbon nanotubes reinforced composite (CNTRC) nanobeams. New higher order shear deformation beam theory is exploited to satisfy parabolic variation of shear through thickness direction and zero shears at the bottom and top surfaces.A Modified continuum nonlocal strain gradient theoryis employed to include the microstructure and the geometrical nano-size length scales. The extended rule of the mixture and the molecular dynamics simulations are exploited to evaluate the equivalent mechanical properties of FG-CNTRC beams. Carbon nanotubes reinforcements are distributed axially through the beam length direction with a new power graded function with two parameters. The equilibrium equations are derived with associated nonclassical boundary conditions, and Navier's procedure are used to solve the obtained differential equation and get the response of nanobeam under uniform, linear, or sinusoidal mechanical loadings. Numerical results are carried out to investigate the impact of inhomogeneity parameters, geometrical parameters, loadings type, nonlocal and length scale parameters on deflections and stresses of the AFG CNTRC nanobeams. The proposed model can be used in the design and analysis of MEMS and NEMS systems fabricated from carbon nanotubes reinforced composite nanobeam.

Key Words
analytical solution; axially CNts distribution; new higher order shear deformation; nonlocal strain gradient theory; static bending and stress analyses

Address
Ahmed Drai: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mustapha STAMBOULI University of Mascara, 29000, Algeria/ LABAB Laboratory of ENPO, Oran, 31000, Algeria

Ahmed Amine Daikh: Department of Technology, University Centre of Naama, Naama 45000, Algeria/ Laboratoire d'Etude des Structures et de Mécanique des Matériaux, Département de Génie Civil, Faculté des Sciences et de la Technologie, Université Mustapha Stambouli B.P. 305, R.P. 29000 Mascara, Algérie

Mohamed Oujedi Belarbi: Laboratoire de Recherche en Génie Civil, LRGC, Université de Biskra, B.P. 145, R.P. 07000, Biskra, Algeria

Mohammed Sid Ahmed Houari: Laboratoire d'Etude des Structures et de Mécanique des Matériaux, Département de Génie Civil, Faculté des Sciences et de la Technologie, Université Mustapha Stambouli B.P. 305, R.P. 29000 Mascara, Algérie

Benoumer Aour:LABAB Laboratory of ENPO, Oran, 31000, Algeria

Amin Hamdi: Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Mohamed A. Eltaher: Faculty of Engineering, Mechanical Design and Production Department, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44519, Zagazig, Egypt/ Faculty of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80204, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia


Abstract
In this study, we aim to use big data resources and statistical analysis to obtain a reliable instruction to reach high-quality and high yield agricultural yields. In this regard, soil type data, raining and temperature data as well as wheat production in each year are collected for a specific region. Using statistical methodology, the acquired data was cleaned to remove incomplete and defective data. Afterwards, using several classification methods in machine learning we tried to distinguish between different factors and their influence on the final crop yields. Comparing the proposed models' prediction using statistical quantities correlation factor and mean squared error between predicted values of the crop yield and actual values the efficacy of machine learning methods is discussed. The results of the analysis show high accuracy of machine learning methods in the prediction of the crop yields. Moreover, it is indicated that the random forest (RF) classification approach provides best results among other classification methods utilized in this study.

Key Words
crop yield; data mining; machine learning; optimization; statistical analysis

Address
Yan Zhou: College of Mathematics and Informatics, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangdong, China

Abstract
Nanotechnology, like any other revolutionary innovation in materials science, has significantly influenced the level of competition in sports. Nanotechnology provides various benefits and enormous potential to enhance athletic equipment, making players safer, more comfortable, and more agile. Various sporting equipment is being infused with nanomaterials, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), silica nanoparticles (SNPs), nanoclays fullerenes, etc., to enhance athlete and equipment performance. Each of these nanomaterials gives athletic equipment an extra benefit like high strength and stiffness, longevity, decreased weight, abrasion resistance, etc. This paper mechanically analysis the structural strength of tennis equipment to avoid injury. As a result, the bending forces are applied to the reinforced structures to investigate their durability.

Key Words
bending analysis; composite material; nanomaterial; reinforced structures; sport equipment

Address
Zhanfeng Chen: College of Physical Education, Xuchang University, Henan 461000, China

Abstract
Muscle strength and hypertrophy are equivalent when low-intensity resistance exercise is paired with blood flow restriction. This paper deals with the impact of physical exercise in the form of body activities on drug delivery using nanodevices. The body's actions impact the blood flow since the nano drug delivery devices are released into the bloodstream, and physical exercise and all the activities that change the blood flow influence the stability of these nanodevices. The nanodevice for the drug delivery purpose is modeled via nonuniform tube structures based on the high-order beam theory along with the nonlocal strain gradient theory. The nanodevice is made by a central nanomotor as well as two nanoblade in the form of truncated conical nanotubes carrying the nanomedicine. The mathematical simulation of rotating nanodevices is numerically solved, and the effect of various parameters on the stability of nanodevices has been studied in detail after the validation study.

Key Words
body activities; drug delivery; physical exercise; rotating nanostructures; stability analysis

Address
Peng Zou, Wei Zhao and Jinpeng Dong: Department of Neurosurgery, Yuhuangding Hospital of Yantai, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China

Yinyin Cao: Department of Pediatrics, Yuhuangding Hospital of Yantai, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China

Abstract
The present study follows three main goals. First, an analytical solution with high accuracy is developed to assess the effects of embedding pre-strained shape memory alloy (SMA) wires on the critical buckling temperatures of rectangular sandwich plates made of soft core and graphite fiber/epoxy (GF/EP) face sheets based on piecewise low-order shear deformation theory (PLSDT) using Brinson's model. As the second goal, this study compares the effects of SMAs on the thermal buckling of sandwich plates with those of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The glass transition temperature is considered as a limiting factor. For each material, the effective ranges of operating temperature and thickness ratio are determined for real situations. The results indicate that depending on the geometric parameters and thermal conditions, one of the SMAs and CNTs may outperform the other. The third purpose is to study the thermal buckling of sandwich plates with advanced hybrid SMA/CNT/GF/EP composite face sheets. It is shown that in some circumstances, the co-incorporation of SMAs and CNTs leads to an astonishing enhancement in the critical buckling temperatures of sandwich plates.

Key Words
advanced hybrid composites; analytical solution; carbon nanotubes; sandwich plates; shape memory alloys; thermal buckling

Address
Saeed Kamarian and Jung-Il Song: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, South Korea

Abstract
Combating the worldwide environmental threat of plastic waste pollution has become a priority. Plastic pollution has the potential to impact land, rivers, and seas, since many marine and terrestrial organisms have perished as a result of plastic's non-biodegradability and soil dangers. For this consumption, it seems required to manufacture and use new renewable resources. Renewable materials for diverse applications have been created utilizing nanotechnology, which may replace conventional materials for children's activities and sports equipment. This study investigates and suggests that nanotechnology-based materials be replaced with conventional materials to save the environment in manufacturing equipment for children's physical activities. On the basis of the mechanical sciences, a stability study of the bending behavior of small-scale structures will be performed for the various recommended materials.

Key Words
bending analysis; nanocomposite materials; nanotechnology; renewable materials; sport equipment

Address
Huanxiang Ding and Xueqin Wang: College of Physical Education and Health, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, Shandong, China

Xiaodao Chen: Department of Physical Education, Guangdong University of Finance, Guangzhou 510521, Guangdong, China

Abstract
The dynamic and sensing performances of nanomechanical resonators with their different boundary conditions are studied based on surface elasticity-based modeling and simulation. Specifically, the effect of surface stress is included in Euler-Bernoulli beam model for different boundary conditions. It is shown that the surface effect on the intrinsic elastic property of nanowire is independent of boundary conditions, while these boundary conditions affect the frequency behavior of nanowire resonator. The detection sensitivity of nanowire resonator is remarkably found to depend on the boundary conditions such that double-clamping boundary condition results in the higher mass sensitivity of the resonator in comparison with simple-support or cantilever boundary condition. Furthermore, we show that the frequency shift of nanowire resonator due to mass adsorption is determined by its length, whereas the frequency shift is almost independent of its thickness. This study enables a design principle providing an insight into how the dynamic and sensing performances of nanomechanical resonator is determined and tuned.

Key Words
boundary condition; mass sensing; nanomechanical resonator; surface elasticity

Address
Kilho Eom: Biomechanics Lab, College of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea

Abstract
The characteristics of motile microorganism and three dimensional Darcy-Forchheimer nanofluid flow by a porous rotatable disk with heat generation/absorption is reported. Thermophoretic and Brownian motion aspects are included by utilizing Buongiorno model. Moreover, slip conditions are considered on velocity, thermal, concentration and microorganism. Shooting procedure is implemented to find the numerical results of physical quantities are evaluated parametrically. The different physical parameters like heat sink/source parameter, thermal, Brownian number, thermophoresis parameter, concentration, Peclet number, bioconvected Lewis number, microorganism on concentration and density of motile microorganism distributions is considered. Graphs of concentration and microorganism are plotted to examine the influence of distinct prominent flow parameters.

Key Words
bioconvected Lewis number; heat generation/absorption; microorganism; peclet number; shooting method

Address
Muzamal Hussain and Humaira Sharif: Department of Mathematics, Govt. College University Faisalabad, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan

Mohamed A. Khadimallah: Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, College of Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, BP 655, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia

Abir Mouldi: Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha – 61421, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Hassen Loukil: Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha – 61421, Saudi Arabia

Mohamed R. Ali: Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Future University in Egypt New Cairo 11835, Egypt Basic Engineering Science/ Department, Benha Faculty of Engineering, Benha University, Benha, Egypt

Abdelouahed Tounsi: YFL (Yonsei Frontier Lab), Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea/ Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261 Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia

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