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CONTENTS
Volume 14, Number 1, February 2025
 

Abstract
The deformation in photothermoelastic thick circular plate under Moore-Gibson-Thompson thermoelasticity involving fractional order time derivative is explored. The fractional order parameters reclassify semiconductor materials in terms of photoelastic thermal conductivity. The considered equations are non-dimensionalised and further simplified with the use of potential functions. The significance of the method of potential function is that it decoupled the governing equations to determine the unknowns of photothermoelastic problems. Integral transform involving Laplace and Hankel transform reduced the governing equations into ordinary differential equation. The arbitrary constants in the solution are determined by considering the loading environment on the surface. Three different categories of the sources are considered to explore the application as (i) normal force (ii) ramp type thermal source (iii) carrier density source. In the new domain, the closed form expressions of physical quantities like displacement, normal stress, temperature field and carrier density distribution are derived. Numerical results are computed and presented in the form of Fig.s to know the impact of various models: (i) Sherief, El-Sayed and El-Latief (MGTS)(2010), (ii) Youssuf (MGTY)(2010), (iii) Ezzat (MGTEZ)(2010), (iv)Moore-Gibson-Thomson thermoelastic (MGTE)(2019), (v) Coupled thermoelastic (CTE)(1983), (vi) Lord and Shulman's (LS)(1967), (vii) Green and Naghdi type-II(GN-II)(1993) and (viii) Green and Naghdi type-III(GN-III)(1992) on physical field quantities w.r.t radial distance (photothermomechanical model with a hyperbolic partial differential equation for variations of the displacement, temperature and carrier density field.). Also, the response of fractional order photothermoelastic theories under MGTE model with different values of time is depicted in the form of Fig.s. The work presented in this model can be applied to thermoelastic material with nanostructures and plasmonic structures. The results obtained are helpful in designing the semiconductor materials through the course of coupled thermoelastic, plasma waves, also find application in the material and engineering sciences.

Key Words
carrier density loading; Laplace and Hankel transform; Moore-Gibson-Thompson thermoelastic model; normal force; photothermoelastic isotropic; ramp type thermal source

Address
Rajneesh Kumar: Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra Department of Mathematics, Haryana, India

Nidhi Sharma: Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Department of Mathematics, Mullana (Ambala), Haryana, India/ Government College for Women, Department of Mathematics Ambala city, Haryana, India

Supriya Chopra: Government College for Women, Department of Mathematics Ambala city, Haryana, India

Abstract
The objective of this study is to minimize the negative impact on the environment and maximize the use of natural resources by exploring the feasibility of manufacturing geopolymeric bricks from industrial waste in a sustainable and cost-effective manner. This study utilized waste from sand washing as a source of alkaline activators and aluminosilicate for the manufacturing of geopolymer bricks. Through the creation of various combinations with varying proportions of raw materials, the impact of these variables on the durability and mechanical characteristics of the bricks that are created has been assessed. Additionally, studies on the composition and structure of geopolymer bricks have been conducted using microscopic analyses such as EDAX, SEM, and FESEM. The findings demonstrate that waste sand can be used to create geopolymeric bricks with an appropriate water absorption rate (8% on average) and compressive strength (24 MPa). In addition, the hardening process and microscopic characteristics of geopolymeric bricks indicated their very low porosity. In conclusion, the compressive strength of geopolymer brick samples based on sand-washing waste with different particles sizes are increased when it was using pozzolanic sources containing aluminosilicate and alkaline activators.

Key Words
aluminosilicate; compressive strength; geopolymer brick; sand washing waste powder; sieve effect; water absorption

Address
Vahed Ghiasi: Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Architecture Engineering, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran

Yaser Marabi: Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Architecture Engineering, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran

Ahmad Fahmi: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Bonab, Bonab, East Azerbaijan, Iran

Hadi Rezghi Maleki: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Bonab, Bonab, East Azerbaijan, Iran

Hamed Rahimpour: Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran


Abstract
The global consumption of plastics is projected to triple, reaching 1,231 million tons by 2060. Managing such vast quantities of plastic waste poses significant environmental challenges. Researchers worldwide have been working on reinforcing plastic with biodegradable materials to address these issues. Between 2002 and 2024, over 2000 studies on bio-plastic composites were conducted across over 85 countries. This study used chicken eggshells, a novel bio-filler material, to reinforce polypropylene (PP), one of the most commonly utilized plastics. Eggshells (Es) were incorporated into PP at varying weight percentages (10%, 20%, and 30%) and processed using injection molding and compression techniques. The effects of Es on the mechanical properties of PP, including tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation at break, flexural strength, and flexural modulus, were systematically evaluated. Additionally, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and its derivative (DTG) were employed to assess the thermal stability of both the filler and the composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the morphology of Es flakes, the eggshell membrane, and the bonding behavior between Es and PP. The findings revealed that incorporating 30 wt.% Es improved the flexural modulus and tensile modulus of PP by 32% and 12%, respectively, while maintaining the flexural strength of pure PP across all tested Es weight percentages. Thermal analysis demonstrated that Es enhanced the thermal stability and reduced the flammability of PP. SEM analysis confirmed strong bonding between the Es membrane and PP and effective interfacial adhesion between the Es outer layer and PP. These results underscore the potential of eggshells as a sustainable bio-filler for improving polypropylene's mechanical and thermal properties.

Key Words
eggshells; Es; DTG; flexural properties; green composite; mechanical properties; tensile properties; TGA; thermal behavior; PP

Address
Mu'ayyad M. Al-Shrida and Mohammed T. Hayajneh: Industrial Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan

Faris M. AL-Oqla: Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hashemite University, 13133, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan

Abstract
Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is 3D printing technology that is used in many fields in today's world. In dentistry, FDM is mainly used to produce dental models and appliances by using polymers in filament form. This study aimed to evaluate the usage of recycled nylon filament in terms of surface hardness, surface roughness and build-up thickness. In this study, the recycling process was conducted by polymer compounding extrusion machine at a temperature of 250

Key Words
FDM; Nylon; recycled filament; 3D printing

Address
Arshad F.J. Al-Kaabi: College of Health & Medical Techniques, Middle Technical University, 00964 Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract
Al-xTiC (x=5, 10, 15 and 20 wt.%) composites were fabricated using powder metallurgy (P/M) technique from Al and TiC powders. The mixture of Al and TiC powders were homogeneously mixed for 4 hours before compacting using hydraulic pressing. The effects of compacted pressure and sintering temperature on the mechanical properties of Al-5 wt.% TiC composite were investigated in the ranges of 100 to 500 MPa, and 450 to 600

Key Words
Al composite; mechanical properties; powder metallurgy; sintering

Address
Long Bui Duc, Bang Thi Le and Khanh Dang Quoc: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, No1. Dai Co Viet, Hai Ba Trung, Hanoi, Vietnam

Trung Bao Tran:Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet,
Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam

Ramesh Singh: Center of Advanced Manufacturing and Material Processing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia


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